Passo dello Stelvio - Bormio

Stelvio Pass

Stelvio Pass
Passo dello Stelvio (Italian) Stilfser Joch (German)
Some of the 48 hairpin turns near the top of the eastern ramp of the Stelvio Pass
Elevation	2,757 m (9,045 ft)
Traversed by	Strade Statali 38
Location	Border of South Tyrol and Sondrio provinces, Italy
Range	Eastern Alps
Coordinates	46°31′43″N 10°27′10″ECoordinates: 46°31′43″N 10°27′10″E
Stelvio Pass Location of Stelvio Pass in the Alps.

The Stelvio Pass (Italian: Passo dello Stelvio; German: Stilfser Joch, also Stilfserjoch) is a mountain pass in northern Italy, at an elevation of 2,757 m (9,045 ft) above sea level. It is the highest paved mountain pass in the Eastern Alps, and the second highest in the Alps, just 13 m (43 ft) below France's Col de l'Iseran (2,770 m (9,088 ft)).

Location

The pass is located in the Ortler Alps in Italy between Stilfs ("Stelvio" in Italian) in South Tyrol and Bormio in the province of Sondrio. It is about 75 km (47 mi) from Bolzano and a mere 200 m from the Swiss border. The Umbrail Pass runs northwards from the Stelvio's western ramp, and the "Three Languages Peak" (Dreisprachenspitze) above the pass is so named because this is where the Italian, German, and Romansh languages meet.

The road connects the Valtellina with the mid Venosta valley (the Vinschgau) and Meran. Adjacent to the pass road there is a large summer skiing area. Important mountains nearby include Ortler, Thurwieserspitze, Trafoier Eiswand, de:Monte Scorluzzo, Piz Umbrail, and Piz Cotschen/Rötlspitz/Punta Rosa. ^[1]

History

The original road was built in 1820–25 by the Austrian Empire to connect the former Austrian province of Lombardia with the rest of Austria, covering a climb of 1,871 m (6,138 ft) The engineer and project manager was Carlo Donegani (1775–1845). Since then, the route has changed very little. Its seventy-five^{[citation needed]} hairpin turns, 48 of them on the northern side numbered with stones, are a challenge to motorists. Stirling Moss went off the road here during a vintage car event in the 1990s, with an onboard video of his incident being shown on satellite TV.

Before the end of World War I, it formed the border between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Italian Kingdom. The Swiss had an outpost and a hotel (which was destroyed) on the Dreisprachenspitze (literally, Three-Language-Peak). During World War I, fierce battles were fought in the ice and snow of the area, with gun fire even crossing the Swiss area at times. The three nations made an agreement not to fire over Swiss territory, which jutted out in between Austria (to the north) and Italy (to the south). Instead they could fire down the pass, as Swiss territory was up and around the peak.^[2][3] After 1919, with the expansion of Italy, the pass lost its strategic importance.

The Stelvio Pass retains an importance for sport when it is open from June to September. Countless cyclists and motorcyclists struggle to get to the highest stretch of road in the Eastern Alps. It is the highest finish of any Grand Tour.^[4] The Giro d'Italia often crosses the Stelvio Pass (it was crossed by the Giro for the first time in 1953, when Coppi beat Koblet). The last winner on the pass was Dario Cataldo in 2014. Every year, the pass is closed to motor vehicles on one day in late August when about 8,000 cyclists ride on the Stelvio.

Bormio regularly hosts World Cup ski racing, usually in late December for a men's downhill event; its Pista Stelvio is among the most challenging courses on the circuit.

The Stelvio Pass was also picked by the British automotive show Top Gear as its choice for the "greatest driving road in the world", although their search was concentrated only in Europe.^[5][6][7] This conclusion was reached in the first episode of the show's 10th series after the team went in search of a road that would satisfy every "petrolhead's" driving fantasies. Top Gear later decided that the Transfăgărăşan Highway in Romania was possibly a superior driving road.

In 2008, Moto Guzzi started selling a Stelvio model, named after the famous mountain pass.

Appearances in Giro d'Italia (since 1960)

Year	Stage	Category	Start	Finish	Leader at the summit
2014	16	Cima Coppi	Ponte di Legno	Val Martello (Martelltal)	Dario Cataldo (ITA)
2012	20	Cima Coppi	Val di Sole	Passo dello Stelvio	Thomas de Gendt (BEL)
2005	14	Cima Coppi	Neumarkt	Livigno	Iván Parra (COL)
1994	15	Cima Coppi	Merano	Aprica	Franco Vona (ITA)